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A full biography on Beethoven






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A full biography on Beethoven















Among the very greatest of composers, Ludwig von Beethoven took the style and
forms of the Classical Era to their utmost as a vehicle for personal expression
and in so doing laid the foundations of the succeeding Romantic Era. An English
visitor, happening unawares upon an immense crowd watching Beethoven's funeral
procession, asked a Viennese bystander what was the occasion, and was answered
"They are burying the General of the musicians." Impelled by his
deafness to turn inward and to rely entirely upon his musical memory to realize
the sounds he was composing, he found new combinations of sounds and created
expanded formal plans for his music. An avid proponent of new democratic ideals,
he expressed the goals of freedom and brotherhood in his works.


Ludwig
von Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany.

 
There is no direct evidence of his
actual birth date, but it was almost certainly within a day or two before his
baptism on December 17, 1770. He was named after his grandfather (1712-1773),
who was a respected singer and Kapellmeister in the establishment of the Elector
of Cologne (who made his seat in Bonn). This older Ludwig's only surviving son
was Johann van Beethoven, a musician of lesser talents and the composer's
father. Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich, a young widow still under 21
years old, in 1767. They named their first two children after his father Ludwig;
Ludwig Maria van Beethoven lived only 6 days. After the famous Ludwig the couple
had five more children, of whom two (Caspar Anton Carl and Nikolaus Johann)
lived to adulthood.

There is very little reliable evidence about
Beethoven's early years. Tales of mistreatment by his father may well be
exaggerated, but it seems clear that Johann was a cold and harsh father and may
well have been violent with his family. He taught young Ludwig violin and piano
and then sent him to various relatives and local musicians for musical training.
Ludwig received no more schooling than the average boy of his class in Bonn, not
continuing past elementary school. In 1781 the Elector hired Christian Gottlob
Neefe as the director of his theatrical company. Neefe not only became
Beethoven's first important teacher, but he hired the eleven-year-old to assist
him in his duties as court organist; the boy was already sufficiently developed
as a musician to substitute for Neefe when needed. In 1783 Cramer's Magazine der
Musik carried a notice about Neefe's pupil, noting that young Beethoven played
Bach's "Das wohltempierte Clavier" and had the potential to develop
into "a second Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart." Also in 1783 Neefe hired the
boy as harpsichordist in the opera orchestra, which allowed Beethoven to hear
all the important operas of the time, and published three piano sonatas, known
as the "Electoral" Sonatas because they were dedicated to Elector
Maximilian Friedrich. (These three works and a further two-movement sonata of sonatas.)

In 1784 a new Elector, Ma
 
 
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